What is a referendum?

A referendum is a direct vote in which the electorate votes on a specific proposal, often related to significant legislation, constitutional amendments, or policy decisions. This form of direct democracy allows citizens to voice their opinions and make decisions on critical issues rather than relying solely on elected representatives to make those choices for them. The outcome of a referendum reflects the will of the people, providing a way for them to influence governance directly.

In contrast, a vote by elected representatives involves decisions made by officials chosen through elections, rather than a direct vote by the populace. A system of checks and balances refers to the mechanisms within government that ensure no branch becomes too powerful, rather than a process for decision-making through popular vote. A policy decision made by the president pertains to executive actions or proposals that do not require direct public voting. Thus, the distinct nature of a referendum as a direct measure of citizen engagement in political decision-making makes it the correct answer.