What defines a republic?

A republic is defined as a system of government in which supreme power is held by the people, typically through elected representatives. This framework emphasizes the role of the citizenry in governance by allowing individuals to elect officials to represent their interests and make decisions on their behalf. In a republic, laws and policies are established through a process that takes into account the will of the majority while also protecting the rights and liberties of minorities, ensuring a balance between majority rule and individual freedoms.

The concept of popular sovereignty is central to a republic, as it places ultimate authority with the citizenry rather than a monarchical or authoritarian figure. This participatory aspect is crucial, as it allows for a government that is accountable to the people, thereby promoting civic engagement and responsibility.

Other options represent systems of governance that do not align with the principles of a republic. Concentration of power in one individual typically describes an autocracy or dictatorship. Majority rule exclusively without the protection of minority rights could lead to tyranny of the majority, which is contrary to republican values. Lastly, a system where laws are made by a small elite directly contradicts the fundamental idea of a republic, where the populace has the primary say in governance through elected representatives.